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TARL — Terrain–Atmosphere Research Laboratory

Understanding how terrain shapesthe atmosphere.

Advancing the observation, measurement, modeling, and prediction of atmospheric processes across complex terrain.

TARL at a Glance

Active Projects

Research currently underway

Publications

Peer-reviewed research output

Field Sites

Research and observational locations

Instrumentation

Research systems in development or operation

Research Collaborations

Scientific and technical collaborations

Metrics reflect current TARL activity and are updated as work progresses.

About TARL

About Us

Advancing the science of terrain–atmosphere interaction.

Terrain–Atmosphere Research Laboratory (TARL) is a research and technology organization centered on understanding how complex terrain influences the atmosphere. Our work focuses on the physical interactions that develop as atmospheric flow encounters mountains, valleys, ridges, slopes, and other terrain features, and on how those interactions influence wind, moisture, stability, boundary-layer structure, convection, and other atmospheric processes.

TARL approaches these problems through an integrated combination of atmospheric research, field observation, instrumentation development, numerical modeling, and forecasting. Rather than treating these areas as separate disciplines, they are used together: observations reveal atmospheric behavior, research identifies the physical mechanisms responsible for it, instrumentation expands what can be measured, modeling tests and generalizes those relationships, and forecasting applies that understanding to prediction.

The long-term purpose of TARL is to advance both the science and measurement of terrain-influenced atmospheric processes while developing new approaches for observing and predicting environments where topography plays a meaningful role.

Our Mission

Understand.
Measure.
Predict.

Understand

Identify the physical mechanisms governing terrain–atmosphere interaction.

Measure

Develop and deploy observing systems capable of resolving those atmospheric processes in the field.

Predict

Translate observations and physical understanding into improved modeling and forecasting.

Why Terrain?

The atmosphere does not interact with a flat Earth.

Mountains, valleys, ridges, slopes, and other terrain features alter airflow, moisture, stability, boundary-layer structure, and storm environments. Atmospheric responses to terrain may occur from very local scales to much broader regional scales.

These interactions can create atmospheric behavior that conventional observing networks and forecasting approaches may not fully resolve. TARL investigates these processes directly to better understand when, where, and how terrain changes the atmosphere.

The TARL Approach

From physical understanding to prediction.

TARL connects the scientific process from fundamental atmospheric research and field observation through engineering, numerical modeling, and atmospheric prediction.

01

Research

Investigate the physical mechanisms governing atmospheric behavior in complex terrain.

02

Observe

Measure terrain–atmosphere interactions directly through targeted field observations.

03

Engineer

Develop purpose-built instrumentation for atmospheric environments and research questions.

04

Model

Translate observations and physical understanding into numerical representations of terrain-influenced processes.

05

Predict

Apply research, observations, and modeling toward improved atmospheric prediction and forecasting.

Our Origin

A research question that grew into something larger.

TARL began with a scientific interest in atmospheric behavior that could not always be understood through large-scale weather patterns alone. Questions surrounding the influence of terrain — how valleys redirect flow, how ridges modify wind, how topography alters moisture and stability, and how those changes may influence storms — pointed toward a broader atmospheric research problem.

What began as individual research into terrain and severe weather developed into the concept for a laboratory dedicated specifically to terrain–atmosphere interaction. The idea expanded beyond analyzing existing observations to include targeted field research, purpose-built instrumentation, numerical modeling, and eventually terrain-aware forecasting.

TARL was created to bring those pieces together under one scientific framework: understand the physical processes, develop better ways to observe them, and use that knowledge to improve how terrain-influenced atmospheric environments are modeled and predicted.

Founders & Researchers

Current Research

Investigating the atmosphere where terrain matters most.

Current TARL research examines atmospheric processes across complex terrain through observations, environmental analysis, field measurement, instrumentation, and numerical investigation.

01
Active Research/Mount Washington & Northeastern United States

Complex Terrain Atmospheric Processes

Research Question

How does complex terrain systematically modify the near-surface atmospheric environment under varying synoptic conditions?

This project investigates how terrain alters wind, moisture, stability, and near-surface atmospheric structure across complex terrain. The work combines observational analysis, terrain classification, atmospheric datasets, and future field measurements to identify physical relationships that can improve understanding and prediction in topographically influenced environments.

WindMoistureStabilityTerrain
02
Research / Manuscript/Illinois, United States

Illinois Tornado Climatology

Research Question

How do tornado characteristics, storm environments, and seasonal patterns vary across Illinois during the modern EF-scale era?

This research examines the spatial, seasonal, environmental, and storm-scale characteristics of Illinois tornadoes, including regional differences in tornado intensity, storm mode, environmental parameters, and outbreak behavior.

TornadoesClimatologySevere WeatherEnvironment

Our Capabilities

Built to observe, understand,
and predict complex terrain.

TARL combines field science, instrumentation, and atmospheric modeling to investigate terrain-influenced environments from measurement through prediction.

01

Instrumentation

Purpose-built atmospheric observing systems designed for complex terrain and field research.

Sensor systems
Mobile observing
Modular platforms
Environmental measurement
02

Modeling & Forecasting

Numerical analysis and terrain-aware forecasting focused on atmospheric behavior across complex terrain.

High-resolution analysis
Terrain-aware modeling
Environmental diagnostics
Forecast development
03

Field Research

Direct atmospheric measurement in environments where terrain strongly influences the atmosphere.

Field campaigns
Complex-terrain observations
Temporary deployments
Mobile measurements

Publications & Research Output

Scientific work, documented and accessible.

Peer-reviewed publications, research manuscripts, datasets, technical reports, and other TARL research outputs will be made available here as they are released.

01

Research Archive

Archive in Development

Publications and research outputs will appear here as they are released.

TARL's research archive will provide access to formal scientific outputs and associated research materials as the laboratory's work progresses.

Connect With TARL

Complex terrain creates difficult atmospheric problems. We intend to solve them.

TARL is building a research program around understanding, measuring, and predicting terrain-influenced atmospheric processes. We welcome conversations surrounding research, collaboration, field science, instrumentation, and the future of terrain-aware atmospheric prediction.